Sealing socket and method for arranging a sealing socket to a tube

ABSTRACT

Sealing socket ( 1 ) and method for arranging a sealing socket to a tube ( 2 ). A sealing socket ( 1 ) comprises a sleeve ( 3 ) having an outer dimension somewhat larger than the tube ( 2 ) to be sealed, defining an annular compartment ( 4 ) between the tube ( 2 ) and the sleeve ( 3 ), in which a gasket ( 6 ) is introduced. The gasket material is pressurised by a pressure ring ( 7 ) which is permanently connected by welding ( 8 ) to the sleeve ( 3 ).

[0001] The invention relates to sealing socket for a tube, comprising a metallic sleeve part defining a compartment in which a gasket of deformable material is received, said compartment comprising in axial direction of said sleeve part an endclosure for axial defining of said compartment, said compartment being provided in axial direction at the end remote from the endclosure with a gland or gasket pressurising means. Such sealing sockets are generally known. Generally, a pressure member is used to introduce some pretension in the gasket or gland material to provide a sealing between the tube and sleeve to compensate for changes in relative dimensions between the parts to be sealed.

[0002] From the German patent specification 689405 a connection between two tubes is known. Either one of the tubes is provided with an widened end section or a socket is provided. In both cases between one tube and the widened end section/socket respectively, a sealing material is introduced on which pressure is exerted by a ring. This ring is put under pressure through bending over of part of the widened section, socket respectively. The ring is fully enclosed in the compartment so formed. The strength of the end section, socket respectively is increased by a weld which is provided before the ring is put under tension.

[0003] Most general subject invention aims to provide a sealing to be used in combination with a tube and a further part.

[0004] More specifically, subject invention aims to provide a sealing socket to be used in combination with a ceramic tube which is used at elevated temperature and pressure. Such sealing socket can be used for providing an enclosure or a connector between a ceramic tube and other parts to overcome the mechanical instability problem due to the difference in thermal coefficient of expansion and the brittle nature of ceramics. This sealing socket is dealing with this problem and when permanently connected to the ceramic tube the combination of them behaves as one component. This component can then be connected to other part by normal state of the art techniques. For example normal metal to metal connections can be used if the sealing socket and the other part are both made from stainless steal. The connection between a ceramic tube and a metallic part is always critical. Pretensioning of the gasket material is essential in such applications because of considerable differences in thermal coefficient of expansion between for example ceramic material and stainless steel which is generally used for the sleeve and the gland. It is important that such a pretension is maintained in applications wherein thermal cycling occurs. Further problems encountered are thermal degradation in high temperature application of the gasket or chemical attack of the gland material through the medium in which the tube is used. Normally elastomer O-rings are used, but such gaskets are relatively expensive and are vulnerable for chemical attack and/or high temperature.

[0005] The invention aims to provide a sealing socket which can effectively be used in combination with a ceramic tube to be sealed, is cheap to produce and can withstand most operation conditions encountered in the use of ceramic tubes. According to the invention this is realised in that said gasket pressure means comprise a pressurising ring being connected with said sleeve through a permanent joint and extends partly in said compartment extending from said connection in one direction in said compartment and in the other direction outside of said compartment.

[0006] According to the invention a permanent connection between the pressure ring and the sleeve is provided. This in contrast to the prior art wherein thread connections are used and pretensioning is obtained by the threaded parts. A permanent connection is a connection which can not be disassembled without destroying the related part. Such a permanent connection can comprise clamping, glueing and pressing. It can also for example be obtained by welding. This weld can comprise a number of spots but it is also possible to realise a continuous weld. In the last case there is a complete sealing between the pressure ring and the sleeve preventing ingress of aggressive substances in the gland area of the socket.

[0007] According to the invention the sealable socket is combined with a tube by first introducing the sleeve around the tube. This tube can comprise any material such as ceramic material. At the same time, or subsequently the gasket, for example comprising graphite material, can be positioned in the annulus between the sleeve and the ceramic tube. After that the pressure ring is introduced engaging directly or through further pressurising means such as disk springs, the gasket. A precompression force is provided over the gasket material by bringing the pressure ring (gland) and sleeve together. In the correct position pressure ring and sleeve are connected to each other by welding. After welding the compressive force is removed and the predetermined compression force in the gasket is provided.

[0008] Preferably, graphite is used as gland material. This is relatively cheap, chemical inert and high temperature proof material. Preferably, graphite is used having different properties in different directions.

[0009] As indicated above it is possible to use additional pressurising means such as disk springs. The choice of such pressurising means is, of course, dependant from the temperature, pressure and other environmental conditions prevailing during use of the sealing socket according to the invention.

[0010] Although the invention has been elucidated above referring to a ceramic tube, it should be clear that it can also be used in combination with any other kind of tubular member.

[0011] The invention will be further elucidated referring to some preferred embodiments of the invention shown in the drawing, wherein:

[0012]FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an end piece of the invention in cross-section;

[0013]FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an end piece according to the invention in cross-section;

[0014]FIG. 3 shows a connecting piece in cross-section according to the invention; and

[0015]FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a connecting piece for two tubes according to the invention in cross-section.

[0016] In FIG. 1 an end piece according to the invention is generally referred to by 1. It is designed to be connected to a ceramic tube 2. The end piece 1 according to the invention comprises a sleeve part 3 which has a bend over part 5. A gasket pressurising ring or gland 7 is connected to sleeve part 3 by weld 8. Compartment or stuffing box 4 is defined between sleeve part 3, bend over part 5 and the free extremity of gasket pressurising ring 7 and the tube. In this compartment a gasket is introduced. Sealing is effected between this gasket 6 and ceramic tube 2 and gland 7 and sleeve 3.

[0017] According to the invention a gasket is put under pressure by gasket pressurising ring 7 which is welded to sleeve part 3. Because of the use of a weld 8 the gasket material is substantially sealed from environmental effects. The end piece according to the invention is embodied to be used at relatively high temperature and high pressure. For example tests have shown that an operation temperature above 200° C. will not give any sealing problems.

[0018] The sleeve part and gasket pressurising ring can be made of any material which can be connected by welding, preferably steel and more particular stainless steel.

[0019] Generally both the material of the sleeve part and gasket pressurising ring and the gasket material will be chosen such that the coefficient of expansion approaches the thermal coefficient of expansion of the ceramic tube material.

[0020] According to the invention the sealing gasket is realised by first assembling the several parts on the ceramic tube to be sealed, pressurising the gasket and only after that weld 8 is provided.

[0021] For the gland material preferably graphite is used which has a relatively large modulus of elasticity. Preferably graphite is used having unidirectional properties i.e. having a relatively large coefficient of expansion in radial direction and a relatively smaller coefficient of expansion in axial direction. Before realising the connection between the gasket pressurising ring 7 and sleeve part 3 compression is introduced between those two parts in a direction towards each other. It is possible to immediately realise welding after compression has been effected, but is also possible to provide a time delay to have the gasket settle. Generally heat input during welding is not desirable and because of that plasma or laser welding can be used. If the gasket is used at elevated temperature and or a considerable difference in thermal coefficient of expansion between the end piece and more particular the gasket and the ceramic tube exists, it might be preferable to provide additional means to assure that pressure will be maintained at both lower and elevated temperature. To that end the embodiment according to FIG. 2 is proposed. The end piece is generally referred to by 11 and comprises a sleeve part 13, a bend over part 15, a gasket 16 and a gasket presurising ring 17 which is connected to sleeve part 13 by welding. The weld obtained is preferably a continuous weld with seals relative to the environment.

[0022] The gasket is not in direct contact with gasket pressurising ring 17. Both a pressure distribution ring and one or two disk springs 20 are positioned between the gasket and gasket pressurising ring 17. Through the use of a disk spring, differences in thermal coefficient of expansion between the ceramic tube 12 and end piece 111 can be compensated for assuring a constant pressure at different circumstances during the service life of the related part.

[0023]FIG. 3 shows an embodiment wherein the device according to the invention is realised as connecting piece. This is shown by 21. The structure of this connecting piece is basically the same as shown in FIG. 2. However, gasket pressurising ring 27 is not closed at its end but provided is an opening as well as a flange 29 for connecting to a further part. The weld between gasket pressurising ring 27 and sleeve part 23 is referred to by 28.

[0024]FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a connecting piece. This embodiment substantially corresponds with two end pieces as shown in FIG. 3 and this connecting piece is generally referred to by 31. However, the gasket pressurising ring or gland 37 is an open tube being common for both ceramic tubes. As shown in the drawing first the connection between pressurising ring and tube 37 is made including both tubes to be sealed. Only after that both half-tubes 37 are connected. Of course it is possible to start from a single tube 37 and connecting the pressurising rings after introduction of the tubes afterwards.

[0025] If the combination of stainless steel and a graphite gasket material is used such a graphite gasket could be compressed in the compartment with a force for example being at least two times the pressure (difference) under operational conditions of the ceramic tube. Such a pressure could be at least 10 MPa. It will be obvious that the clearance between the free extremity of the bend over part and the outer circumference of the ceramic tube should be as small as possible.

[0026] It is possible to use pure material without binders or fillers so that there is no loss of volume at high temperature. As indicated above preferable a gasket material is used having different thermal expansion coefficient in different directions. For example it is possible to obtain a graphite material having an thermal coefficient of expansion of 1×10⁻⁶/K in the direction parallel to the axis of the ceramic tube while the thermal coefficient of expansion is 30×10⁻⁶/K in the direction perpendicular thereto.

[0027] From the above description the person skilled in the art will immediately be able to design further embodiments with components generally available in the prior art. Such further embodiments are within the range of the enclosed claims. 

1. Sealing socket for a tube, comprising a sleeve part (3, 13, 23) defining a compartment in which a deformable gasket material (6) is received, said compartment comprising in axial direction of said sleeve part an endclosure for axial defining of said compartment, said compartment being provided in axial direction at the end remote from the endclosure with gasket pressurising means, characterised in that, said gasket pressurising means comprise a pressurising ring (7, 17, 27) being connected with said sleeve through a permanent joint (8, 18, 28) and extending from said connection in one direction in said compartment and in the other direction outside of said compartment.
 2. Socket according to claim 1, wherein said permanent joint comprises a weld.
 3. Socket for a tube according to claim 1, wherein said permanent joint comprises an adhesive connection.
 4. Socket for a tube according to one of the preceding claims comprising a clamping connection.
 5. Socket according to one of the preceding claims wherein in said gasket comprises graphite material.
 6. Socket according to one of the precedings claims, wherein said gasket pressurising means comprise spring means arranged between said gasket and said pressure ring.
 7. Socket according to claim 6, wherein said spring means comprises a disk spring.
 8. Socket according to one of the preceding claims comprising a connector.
 9. Socket according to one of the preceding claims comprising an endclosure.
 10. Socket according to one of the precedings claims wherein said sleeve part and/or ring shaped part comprises stainless steel.
 11. Assembly comprising a sealing socket according to one of the preceding claims, provided at the extremity of a tube.
 12. Method for providing a sealing socket to a tube, comprising provision of a sleeve over said tube, said sleeve defining a compartment, introducing a gasket in said compartment and pressurising said gasket to provide a sealing between said tube and said sleeve, characterised in that, pressurising of said gasket is effected by introducing a pressure ring in said sleeve engaging said gasket, pressurising said pressure ring relative to said sleeve and providing a permanent connection between said pressure ring and said sleeve, said pressurising ring extending on the one hand from said connection in said compartment and on the other hand from said connection outside of said compartment.
 13. Method according to claim 12, wherein said permanent connection comprises welding.
 14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein further pressurising means are introduced between said gasket and said pressure ring.
 15. Method according to one of the claims 12-14, comprising connecting of two tubes. 